Is History an art, a science or a craft Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Is History an art, a science or a craft - Essay Example Cosmic, organic history and geologic developments are some of the events that are considered part of (human) history1. Meaning of art An art on the other hand is a study of creative skill or the study of a collection of disciplines which produce artworks which are driven by personal drive, in order to convey mood, a message or symbolism, for the viewer to analyse and interpret. Arts stimulate an individual’s emotions, thoughts, ideas and beliefs through the senses2. Meaning of science The phrase science derives its origin from the Latin phrase, scentia, meaning knowledge. As such, the phrase denotes science as a study of a systematic field of study which compiles and organises knowledge in the form of verifiable explanations and predictions concerning the universe and the life forms therein. Derry3 explains how classical qualifications such as the one passed by Aristotle conversely makes science the study of the body of reliable knowledge, or the study of knowledge which are r ationally and logically explainable. ... This may also involve the collection and transmission of knowledge about a craft. Because of this, guilds are inclusive of skilled amateurs, professional artisans and even beginners who may harbour specific interests in a given craft. There are series of tests to evaluate skills and provide frameworks for training new crafters. There has been a lack of consensus regarding the classification of crafts, with some academicians placing crafts as a hybrid between art and science, given that art relies on technique and talent, and science, knowledge4. How history ties in with the definitions above Interestingly enough, it is a matter of striking uniqueness that history ties with the definitions that have been advanced above. For one, one can see history as being tied to art since art is the study of creative skill or the study of a collection of disciplines which produce artworks which are driven by personal drive. The applicability of this standpoint to history is underscored by the fact that the creative skill mentioned above is critical for a historian to imagine a hypothetical problem, before he goes ahead to solve that specific problem by testing it. For instance, if a historian wants to establish the applicability and future of state competitiveness in international relations (as is envisioned in the theory of realism), then that academician my have to revisit the era between 1787 and 1990. This is because, it is in 1787 that the French Revolution took place, and thereby sparking the need for the Concert of Europe. The politics of Europe in turn triggered the World War I and II, before catalyasing the emergence of the Cold War. The definition of science partly qualifies history, given that science

Management in context Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Management in context - Essay Example e union density is an expression of the proportion of eligible workforce which can be used as an indicator of the degree to which workers or employees are organized. Trade union density differ from geographical areas by the fact that it lays emphasis on level of organization of workers and not how they are distributed all over the world. Female are more likely to join trade unions because they have unique challenges that need to be address contrary to those facing the male employees. Such include maternity offs. Therefore they need such issue to be handled generally by trade unions. In servicing strategy, the members are like third parties to the trade union and they do not play active roles in them while in organizing strategy, the members are the union themselves by playing a very active role in it. Public sector employees are more likely to engage in industrial actions because they enjoy a lot of job security compared to those in the private sector. They are not under any risk of job loss even when they go on strike or other industrial

IT in Businesses. Week Six Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

IT in Businesses. Week Six - Essay Example It began with the Harvard Mark I electromechanical calculator in World War Two weighing five tons and 50 feet long. It was then replaced by the 30 ton Electronic Numerical Integrator and Computer, having 18,000 vacuum tubes and occupying a large space. The invention of the transistor in 1947 gave way for the development of smaller, powerful and more resourceful computers. Input-output tools changed to magnetic tape from punch cards, and new computer languages were developed to interact with the new technology (Laudon & Laudon, 2010). The second stage started in the 1970s when processors on chips and magnetic discs were built. They decentralized computing power from bulky data centers to smaller offices. Steve Jobs and Steve Wosniak sold Apple II machines and Bill Gates founded Microsoft. IBM launched the Personal Computer in 1981 (O’Brien, 1999). The third stage involved embedding microprocessors in electronic products. As the complexity of technology grew and the costs reduced, the need for information sharing within enterprises also increased, giving rise to client/server era in which networked computers could access shared information on a server (O’Brien, 1999). The fourth stage of IT evolution originated from the US Department of Defense. It enabled high speed networks and coupled portions of the business enterprise together giving information access encircling the entire management structure. Universities linked up to this system and used it to deliver messages. The US National Science Foundation and several universities set up their own networks, leading to the onset of the popular World Wide Web and broadband (Laudon & Laudon, 2010). The fifth, which is the latest stage, is the wireless one and includes cloud computing. It incorporates the use of cell phones and wifi networks. It gives rise to high levels of mobility independent of location, configuration and nature of the hardware. This phase began with the invention of the mobile phone. It

Theres a Gender Pay Gap in Kids Allowances and Parents Are To Blame Essay

Theres a Gender Pay Gap in Kids Allowances and Parents Are To Blame - Essay Example The way parents bring up their children has a direct effect on the future choices being made by children pertaining to their choices of work and work-related activities. Parents are responsible for directing children mindset to value professions like law, Medicine among others and devalue others such as house chores and teaching. The majority of the gap seen in the pay between men and women in the society comes from the occupational differences and not the gender role differences (Eliana). The pay gap clearly demonstrates to the girls that the kind of household work that they do does not qualify in the level of works that need to be rewarded. This is why when girls grow up into womanhood, they tend to spend most of their times on the work that is unpaid such as household chores. In contrast to women, men only try to find more time to relax themselves out . Normally, girls do two more hours of daily chores when compared to boys. On the other hand, boys do spend much of their time, twice as much as the girls, in playing. Despite this hard work shown by the girls, boys are likely to be paid for the chores that they do. A similar research done by the junior achievement USA indicates that seventy percent of all boys are more likely to get allowance as compared to a small figure of sixty percent of girls, who are likely to receive allowances. According to Sandberg and Neil â€Å"Lean in: women, work and the will to lead â€Å"; gender pay difference is also a result of the gap in leadership ambition. In many working environmental, men are observed to be more ambitious to achieving senior jobs compared to their female counterparts. A 2012 Mc Kinsey survey found out only eighteen percent of women in a working environment aspire for the senior jobs that are high paying compared to thirty-six percent of the men population in the same environment (Sandberg and Nell, 13). It is no doubt that women do possess equal skills to

What is meant by technological determinism Please evaluate Essay

Technological Determinism - Essay Example However, an understanding of technological determinism will be required in order to prove this argument. In addition, the analysis of various concepts of technological determinism will be required so that the role of technology in facilitating the modern social networks and communication can be achieved. The main question of the essay: Is it true that technology is the cause of the changes in the modern society in regards to the socialization process within online communities as argued by technological determinists?  Ã‚  In order to answer the above question, various journal sources of information on the topic will be used within the main essay. According to Hartman (2007), the definition of technological determinism and the meaning of this phrase go beyond faster computing and technological processes. This article is a credible material that will be used to achieve an accurate definition of the term technological determinism. Using this article the various concepts which relate to this phrase will also is described so that a basis for its analysis can be set. The theoretical framework surrounding technological determinism will also be analyzed within the main essay. This will involve an evaluation of opposing theories such as Moore’s law and Marxism in relation technological determinism so that different understanding of the role of technology in social change can be ascertained. In describing and analyzing the theoretical aspects which describe technological determinism, articles by Sherman (2008) and Ceruzzi (2007) will be referred to in the main essay. Sherman (2008) will allow an understanding of technological determinism from the Marxism point of view.   On the other hand, Ceruzzi (2007) in his article will enable a clear understanding of technological determinism in line with the advances in technology such as an increased computer processing speeds and its use within social networks.   

S6W8Paper2 Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

S6W8Paper2 - Research Paper Example The latter part of the 20th century and commencement of the 21st century has radically altered the nature of international order. It is now evident that this change cannot be contained in a dynamic world characterized by globalization, and rapid growth in information and technology. United States of America must therefore brace itself to a multilateral world where, while boosting of the military, economic and cultural prowess, it may face challenges from adversaries and even allies2. This paper gives a detailed account of the current international order and trends in the global affairs that have either a direct or indirect impact on United States. It further shows the manner in which US can chart its way to a peaceful and stable future by being at the forefront of world economy, protecting crucial global strategic interests, and maximizing on the use of military power and strength. In addition, the paper provides an analysis of the emerging threats from terrorist and the proliferatio n of nuclear weapons. ... Most of these actors are responsible for direct acts of terrorism and supporting terrorist groups either financially or through offering them a safe haven. Cases in point are North Korea and Iran. The two nations have totally objected collaborating with international treaties on aspects such as reduction of nuclear weapon capabilities. The eventuality has been constant threats on resources that are meant for the common good such as oil and sea lanes. The policy of United States then is to insist on measures that would compel such non-players to comply with the treaties agreed upon by the international institutions. Among the many strategies employed include application of stringent sanctions on such nations aimed at crippling their economic and coordination power3. Nonetheless, the sanction would be only be enforced on states that blatantly object the efforts of international institutions of preserving global peace and order. For instance, North Korea is clearly moving against the gl obal peace initiative. It has consistently tested its medium range missiles despite warnings from the international community. Furthermore, it has gone on the offensive, through its dictatorial leader, to warn U.S., South Korea and Japan of a possible war if they do not stay away from spying on them. The threats from North Korea warrant for all possible forms of sanctions. On the other hand, United States would capitalize on the strong reform organizations as well as citizens to drive change in nations such as Iran. Through supporting these movements, U.S. can effectively drive both social and political change in such countries. The same case can be applied in China. Essentially, the idea of nations investing on weapons of mass destruction would be discouraged at all costs4. The strategy

If Dory Had Gone Against Marias Wishes Essay Example for Free

If Dory Had Gone Against Marias Wishes Essay Jack would respond in the affirmative and then, according to Dory, the â€Å"bed would squeak†. Emma wanted to believe that she was living in a fairy-tale and she so she did, refusing to let anyone tell her otherwise. Mrs. Robinson tried to tell Emma that her husband was being unfaithful, and Emma refused to believe. Though Emma had all right not to believe Mrs. Robinson, the fact still remained that Mrs. Robinson was unable to convince Emma of Jack’s infidelity. If Mrs. Robinson could not convince Emma that all was not right in her relationship with her husband, how would Dory, an eight year old girl who did not fully understand the workings of the adult world, be able to convince Emma that Jack was being unfaithful. Emma would have told Dory that she did not understand what she was talking about, and demand to know where she had received her information. When Dory had revealed her source, which she undoubtedly would because of her love for Emma and need to please her, Emma would no doubt have confronted Mrs. Robinson. That confrontation would only have put the altercation between Emma and Mrs. Robinson at a different setting. Emma would still have refused to believe that she was not the only woman in Jack York’s life. Mrs. Robinson would still have set up the â€Å"chance† meeting among Emma, Jack and the lady at the train station. Emma would still have reacted the way she did, and would still have died. It is therefore safe for me to say, that based on my analysis of the short story, Emma, as well as looking at the most likely outcomes for a slight change in the plot of the story, if Dory had told her mother about the lady at the train station, the outcome of the story would have probably been the same.